Influence of Dietary Fibre and Protein Fractions on the Trace Element Bioaccessibility of Turnip Tops (Brassica rapa) Growing under Mediterranean Conditions.

The objective of this work was to study the influence of three dietary fibre fractions (pectin, gum arabic and cellulose) and three protein fractions (casein, lactalbumin and soy) on the trace element bioaccessibility (Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn) of turnip tops (B. rapa subsp. Rapa) growing under Mediterranean conditions. Then, it aimed to promote the use of this vegetable not only for direct fresh consumption but also as a main ingredient in the development of food mixtures. The results showed that soluble fibre fractions, such as pectin and gum arabic, can enhance the bioaccessibility of trace elements, such as Fe, Mn, Se and Zn. This effect was not proved for cellulose (an insoluble fibre fraction), in which, at best, no bioaccessibility effect was observed. Regarding the protein fractions, with the exception of Se, caseins and lactalbumin had a neutral effect on improving the trace element bioaccessibility. This did not hold true for soy protein, in which a considerable improvement in the bioaccessibility of Fe, Mn, Se and Zn was determined.

Microencapsulation of selenium by spray-drying as a tool to improve bioaccessibility in food matrix.

Se in the form of sodium selenite was microencapsulated by spray - drying and added to a food matrix (yogurt) to study the potential improvement of its bioaccessibility. Yogurt samples were also supplemented with Se in free salt form. Se-loaded microparticles were successfully prepared by spray-drying with production yields above 70%. The supplementation of yogurt with Se in the form of free sodium selenite had a low effect on improving the bioaccessibility of this micronutrient (1%). In turn, Se microencapsulation with mannitol or mannitol/gastro-resistant polymer (Eudragit®) had a strong impact on bioaccessibility results. After the gastric phase, Se bioaccessibility reached values of 21 and 40% for the microencapsulated formulations, respectively. This percentage rose to 55% at the end of intestinal phase, showing no differences between both formulations. Our results show the relevance of microencapsulation as an effective tool to improve the bioaccessibility of micronutrients when they are used in food supplementation.

Glucosinolates, Ca, Se Contents, and Bioaccessibility in Brassica rapa Vegetables Obtained by Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems.

In northwest Spain and Portugal, there is a long tradition of cultivating B. rapa subsp. rapa to obtain turnip greens and turnip tops. Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa (turnip greens and turnip tops) were grown under conventional and organic conditions in two Farms in southern Spain. Glucosinolatescontents were higher in Brassicas grown under conventional conditions than those grown under organic ones. Average Ca total and bioaccessible contents ranged between 14.6-23.4 mg/g; 8.9-12.0 mg/g for turnip greens and 6.4-8.9 mg/g; 4.3-4.8 mg/g for turnip tops. According to these concentrations, an intake of 100-200 g (fresh weight) of the studied Brassica rapa fulfills Ca dietary reference intakes (DRI) (considering the total content data) and complies with 72-100% Ca DRI percentage (considering the bioaccessible data). Se concentrations ranged between 0.061-0.073 µg/g and 0.039-0.053 µg/g for turnip greens and turnip tops respectively. Se bioaccessibility values were high, with percentages of around 90%. Finally, the total glucosinolate content ranged between 13.23-21.28 µmol/g for turnip greens and 13.36-20.20 µmol/g for turnip tops. In general, the bioaccessibility of the total glucosinolates analyzed in this study was high, with mean values of around 73% and 66% for turnip greens and turnip tops, respectively. Brassica rapa vegetables grown under both organic and conventional conditions in southern Spain are an excellent dietary source of Ca, Se, and glucosinolates with a high bioaccessibility.

Relationship Between Gymnastic Rhythmic Practice and Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Trace Element Status in Young Girls.

This study evaluates the influence on body development of doing rhythmic gymnastics in girls from 10 to 17 years of age, the results of certain strength and flexibility abilities, and the trace element status (Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Ni). The subjects were divided into three groups: (a) girls who practiced rhythmic gymnastics at a competition level (competition group); (b) girls who practiced this sport at a non-competitive level (training group); and (c) girls who do not practice any sport and with a low level of physical activity (control or sedentary group). Trace element status was determined in hair and urine samples. Results showed that doing rhythmic gymnastics does not alter the normal physical development of muscle mass, and even leads to a decrease in body fat content. Furthermore, better scores in the strength and flexibility test were obtained by the participants of this sports discipline. Statistically significant differences in urine Fe, Cu, and Mn values (p < 0.05) and in hair Cr, Cu, and Mn values (p < 0.05) were found between the two rhythmic gymnastics groups and the control group, and were higher in the competition and training groups. A principal component analysis model was performed to evaluate the possibility of cluster formation among the girls. The PCA results revealed a separation between the different groups although the separation was not perfect. PLS-DA was attempted in order to verify whether it was possible to discriminate between the groups included in this study. It was clear that the competition and control ones were very well classified (around 95% of correct predictions) but 20% of the girls belonging to the training group were misclassified as belonging to the competition one.

Risk Assessment of Cd, Cu, and Pb from the consumption of hunted meat: red-legged partridge and wild rabbit.

The objective was to assess that potential health risk from Cd, Cu, and Pb, through the consumption of hunted red-legged partridge and wild rabbit meat, with special focus on the population of hunters and their relatives. Mineral content was analyzed by atomic absorption methods (F-AAS for Cu and GF-AAS for Cd and Pb) after microwave digestion of lyophilized samples. The average concentrations of these elements were 0.008 and 0.01 mg/kg for Cd; 1.41 and 1.63 mg/kg for Cu and 0.98 and 1.28 mg/kg for Pb in wild rabbit and red-legged partridge meat respectively. The dietary, risk assessment was performed by assuming two intake scenarios based on the obtained results of the survey on game meat consumption and the current maximum recommended intakes of Cd, Cu, and Pb, and then, the hazard quotients (THQ and TTHQ) were calculated. The data show that exposure to these metals from eating red-legged partridge and wild rabbit meat from a hunting provenance is relatively low and generally greater in the hunter population. The risk assessment revealed that moderate or low consumption of meat of these species does not offer a significant public health risk. Moreover, hazard quotients values for these metals of red-legged partridge and rabbit meat consumption in hunters and nonhunters are below 1. However, a high Pb content in the meat of these species and a high consumption may pose a greater health risk to hunters.

Waist Circumference as a Preventive Tool of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults Males: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Although the correlation coefficient between body mass index (BMI) and poor lipid profile has been reported, representing a cardiovascular risk, the need to find new early detection markers is real. Waist circumference and markers of atherogenic dyslipidemia are not usually measured in medical review appointments. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between central adiposity and cardiovascular risk. This was a cross-sectional pilot study of 57 young males (age: 35.9 ± 10.85, BMI: 32.4 ± 6.08) recruited from community settings and allocated to non-obese or obese attending to their waist circumference. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were measured from plasma samples. Patients with at least 100 cm of waist circumference had significantly increased TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides and lower levels of HDL-C. The three atherogenic ratios TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C were all optimal in non-obese patients. LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C were significantly higher and over the limit when assessing for atherogenic dyslipidemia. The number of patients at risk for cardiovascular events increases 2.5 folds in obese compared to non-obese. Measurement of waist circumference could be adopted as a simpler valid alternative to BMI for health promotion, to alert those at risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia.

Effect of an mHealth Intervention Using a Pedometer App With Full In-Person Counseling on Body Composition of Overweight Adults: Randomized Controlled Weight Loss Trial.

BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, it is difficult to convey the benefits of sustained physical activity to adult patients with excess weight or obesity. For this purpose, a goal-setting walking prescription may be an effective strategy. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the intervention of a pedometer app in setting a goal to reach 10,000 steps per day in adults. METHODS: Overweight adults (n=98; mean body mass index 32.53 [SD 4.92] kg/m2) were randomized to one of two conditions (control or intervention). Both groups downloaded a pedometer app that recorded their daily step counts and were given a daily walking goal of 10,000 steps. Subjects participated in a 24-week in-person behavioral weight control program and were asked to monitor their daily levels using the pedometer app. Baseline data were recorded and followed up weekly. Only the intervention group had structured information delivery, a personalized physical activity prescription, and follow-up on number of steps per day. RESULTS: The results show that regardless of sex or age, prescribing walking increased the number of steps per day by 4806 step on average (standardized ß coefficient=-0.813, SE=427.586, t=-11.242, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results could have implications for improving self-monitoring in overweight adults during periods of weight loss. Health professionals should analyze the implementation of tools that permit them to prescribe, follow up, and encourage the achievement of a goal of physical activity in overweight or obese patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03845478; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03845478.

Effects of Self-Weighing During Weight Loss Treatment: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of self-weighing for weight loss in men for 6 months. METHODS: In the present study, 54 men, mean age of 40.1 ± 11.1 years, with overweight or obesity, were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups: control group (CG), without weight self-monitoring and intervention group (IG), with weight self-monitoring. Both groups received the same nutritional and educational advice and the establishment of a weight target to reach in the weight loss program. Subjects of IG also had individualized motivating content to improve self-management for 24 weeks. Anthropometric indices were measured at baseline and weekly for 24 weeks. RESULTS: When the group assigned after randomization was introduced in the analysis, its influence was significant in weight loss (F1.52 = 19.465, ± 2 = 0.272, p < 0.001) and in the decrease in body fat percentage (F1.52 = 8,306, ± 2 = 0.132, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Study results indicate that self-weighing can help patients to lose additional weight. Our findings have implications in the emerging area of the behavioral approach of patients undergoing weight-loss treatment, as well as clinical care processes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04032249.

Push Notifications From a Mobile App to Improve the Body Composition of Overweight or Obese Women: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Technology-in particular, access to the Internet from a mobile device-has forever changed the way we relate to others and how we behave in our daily life settings. In recent years, studies have been carried out to analyze the effectiveness of different actions via mobile phone in the field of health: telephone calls, short message service (SMS), telemedicine, and, more recently, the use of push notifications. We have continued to explore ways to increase user interaction with mobile apps, one of the pending subjects in the area of mHealth. By analyzing the data produced by subjects during a clinical trial, we were able to extract behavior patterns and, according to them, design effective protocols in weight loss programs. OBJECTIVE: A clinical trial was proposed to (1) evaluate the efficacy of push notifications in an intervention aimed at improving the body composition of adult women who are overweight or obese, through a dietary procedure, and (2) analyze the evolution of body composition based on push notifications and prescribed physical activity (PA). METHODS: A two-arm randomized controlled trial was carried out. A sample size of 117 adult obese women attended a face-to-face, 30-minute consultation once a week for 6 months. All patients were supplied with an app designed for this study and a pedometer. The control group did not have access to functionalities related to the self-monitoring of weight at home, gamification, or prescription of PA. The intervention group members were assigned objectives to achieve a degree of compliance with diet and PA through exclusive access to specific functionalities of the app and push notifications. The same diet was prescribed for all patients. Three possible PA scenarios were studied for both the control and intervention groups: light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and intense physical activity (IPA). For the analysis of three or more means, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated means was performed to evaluate the effects of the intervention at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Receiving notifications during the intervention increased body fat loss (mean -12.9% [SD 6.7] in the intervention group vs mean -7.0% [SD 5.7] in the control group; P<.001) and helped to maintain muscle mass (mean -0.8% [SD 4.5] in the intervention group vs mean -3.2% [SD 2.8] in the control group; P<.018). These variations between groups led to a nonsignificant difference in weight loss (mean -7.9 kg [SD 3.9] in the intervention group vs mean -7.1 kg [SD 3.4] in the control group; P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Push notifications have proven effective in the proposed weight loss program, leading women who received them to achieve greater loss of fat mass and a maintenance or increase of muscle mass, specifically among those who followed a program of IPA. Future interventions should include a longer evaluation period; the impact of different message contents, as well as message delivery times and frequency, should also be researched. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03911583; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03911583.

Survival Analysis of Enterally Fed Patients: Prognosis and Mortality Risk According to Baseline Characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Enteral nutrition is widely used. However, its benefits remain unclear in specific conditions like dementia. This study assesses the survival of enterally fed patients and the baseline characteristics associated with higher mortality. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of biochemical and clinical data from 377 patients (age 77.5 ± 13.8) who received enteral tube feeding (ETF) at a tertiary hospital in Spain was performed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regressions were used to analyze survival expectancy and mortality risk (MR). Risk was evaluated for 30/180 days and up to 5 years. RESULTS: The most common individual diagnoses leading to ETF prescription were dementia (37.9%) and head/neck/upper-gastrointestinal-tract cancer (17.5%). Comorbidities (high blood pressure [HBP] and/or diabetes) were present in 72.4% of patients. The first 30 days after tube placement showed the highest mortality rate, corresponding to 85.4% of patients that did not continue being tube-fed. Multivariate Cox analysis (P < .05, 95% CI) showed HBP and glycemia to be predictive of overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.600; HR = 1.756) and long-term (HR = 3.092; HR = 4.539) death. In the short-term, only glycemia showed an increased MR (HR = 1.572). CONCLUSION: This enterally fed population showed a noticeably high initial mortality rate. Despite official recommendations against it, ETF is very common in advanced dementia. Baseline characteristics are useful for identifying patients that would be less benefited by the intervention. Accordingly, families should be informed about realistic outcomes and risks derived from this procedure.

Trace Element Concentrations in Migratory Game Bird Meat: Contribution to Reference Intakes Through a Probabilistic Assessment.

The aim of this study was to determine Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn content in migratory game bird meat and its contribution to DRI through a probabilistic assessment. A total of 89 wild birds of three species, woodpigeon (Columba palumbus) (n = 25), common turtledove (Streptopelia turtur) (n = 19), and thrush (Turdus philomelos) (n = 45), were analyzed. Concentrations ranged between the following values: Fe: 35.6-39.6 mg/kg ww; Cu: 2.3-4.0 mg/kg ww; Zn: 11.0-18.6 mg/kg ww; and Cr: 43-51 µg/kg ww. Co content in this kind of meat was negligible. Significant differences were found for Cu and Zn content among species and for Cu, Fe, and Zn between breast and thigh muscle. Breast was the muscle with the highest Cu and Fe content, and thigh recorded the highest Zn levels for all species. Finally, a probabilistic assessment showed that consumption of a serving size between 100 and 200 g of game bird meat (80% breast + 20% thigh) that could meet the DRIs of Cu and Fe for 95th percentile. Then, game meat of these species could be considered as part of a healthy diet and a food with a high nutritional value.

Wild mushroom consumption by pickers in the south of Spain: a probabilistic approach.

A survey has been made of 300 habitual consumers of the eight species of wild mushrooms most often consumed in the south of Spain. The eight species selected constitute over 95% of the intake of this food in the samples studied. The mean consumption per capita of mushrooms in Spain is of 10.4 kg/year, 8.6 kg of which are consumed during the season, which lasts from between 1 and 3 months. Male pickers from the Huelva province were those who presented the largest intake, their age group being highly influenced by the species. The consumption of each mushroom studied and the total intake were adjusted/fitted to exponential distributions. These distributions could be an effective tool for toxicological or nutritional studies since they permit the evaluation of exposure that makes it possible to calculate the probabilistic risk analysis and the contribution to the reference dietary intake, respectively, for this population group.

Educación nutricional desde entornos socioconstructivistas: influencia sobre el patrón de consumo de alimentos en comunidades venezolanas / Nutrition education from socioconstructivist environments: influence on the pattern of food consumption in Venezuelan communities

INTRODUCCIÓN: el constructivismo es vanguardia dentro de las corrientes pedagógicas actuales, y particularmente la Teoría Sociocultural del Aprendizaje también llamada Socioconstructivismo, parece proponer elementos muy interesantes para innovar en materia de educación nutricional ya que plantea que la modificación y/o adquisición de aprendizajes ocurre básicamente a través de la interacción social y manejando signos propios de la cultura donde está inmerso el individuo; epistemo que se entiende como una premisa poderosamente enfocada al trasladarlo a los orígenes de la conducta alimentaria, cuya implicación social es fundamental y encuentra su definición en lo cultural. OBJETIVOS: esta investigación se focaliza en diseñar un programa de educación nutricional con elementos socioconstructivistas y probar sus fundamentos en la generación de cambios individuales, familiares y comunitarios hacia un patrón de consumo de alimentos más adecuado. MÉTODO: se diseñó un programa de educación nutricional, y se probó su eficacia en la promoción de prácticas alimentarias saludables medidas en cambios conductuales sobre el patrón de consumo real de alimentos, basado en el aprendiente y en la construcción colectiva del conocimiento a través de una práctica educativa socioconstructivista. Se incorporaron 410 participantes en el programa educativo, que se extendió por 3 meses con sesiones semanales en cocinas demostrativas. RESULTADOS: el desarrollo del programa permitió identificar cambios estadísticamente significativos en el incremento del consumo de hortalizas, frutas, tubérculos, leguminosas y pescado; mientras que las grasas visibles, saborizantes sintéticos, bebidas azucaradas y salsas industriales mostraron una marcada disminución. CONCLUSIONES: la teoría sociocultural demostró ser una herramienta efectiva en educación nutricional, para enfrentar y cambiar patrones de consumo cualitativamente inadecuados que se podrían traducir en el condicionamiento colectivo de estados de salud desfavorables

INTRODUCTION: constructivism is avant-garde within the current pedagogical currents, and particularly the Socio-Cultural Theory of Learning also called Socioconstructivism, seems to propose very interesting elements to innovate in the field of nutritional education since it states that the modification and / or acquisition of learning occurs basically through social interaction and handling signs of the culture where the individual is immersed; epistem that is understood as a premise powerfully focused on transferring it to the origins of eating behavior, whose social involvement is fundamental and finds its definition in the cultural. OBJECTIVES: This research focuses on designing a nutritional education program with socioconstructivist elements and testing its foundations in generating individual, family and community changes towards a more adequate pattern of food consumption. METHOD: a nutritional education program was designed, and its effectiveness was tested in the promotion of healthy eating practices measured in behavioral changes on the pattern of real food consumption, based on the learner and on the collective construction of knowledge through a socioconstructivist educational practice.410 participants were incorporated into the educational program, which extended for 3 months with weekly sessions in demonstrative kitchens. RESULTS: the development of the program allowed to identify statistically significant changes in the increase in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, tubers, legumes and fish; while visible fats, synthetic flavors, sugary drinks and industrial sauces showed a marked decrease. CONCLUSIONS: sociocultural theory proved to be an effective tool in nutritional education, to face and change qualitatively inadequate consumption patterns that could result in the collective conditioning of unfavorable health states

Game meat consumption by hunters and their relatives: a probabilistic approach.

This study aimed to estimate the consumption of meat and products derived from hunting by the consumer population and, specifically, by hunters and their relatives. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on the frequency of consuming meat from the four most representative game species in Spain, two of big game, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), and two of small game, rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and red partridge (Alectoris rufa), as well as of processed meat products (salami-type sausage) made from those big game species. The survey was carried out on 337 habitual consumers of these types of products (hunters and their relatives). The total mean game meat consumption, per capita in this population group, is 6.87 kg/person/year of meat and 8.57 kg/person/year if the processed meat products are also considered. Consumption of rabbit, red partridge, red deer and wild boar, individually, was 1.85, 0.82, 2.28 and 1.92 kg/person/year, respectively. It was observed that hunters generally registered a larger intake of game meat, this being statistically significant in the case of rabbit meat consumption. Using probabilistic methods, the meat consumption frequency distributions for each hunting species studied were estimated, as well as the products made from big game species and the total consumption both of meat by itself and that including the products made from it. The consumption frequency distributions were adjusted to exponential ones, verified by the test suitable for it according to Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), the Chi-squared and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics. In addition, the consumption percentiles of the different distributions were obtained. The latter could be a good tool when making nutrition or contaminant studies since they permit the assessment of exposure to the compound in question.

Differential menopause- versus aging-induced changes in oxidative stress and circadian rhythm gene markers.

Menopause is characterized by the depletion of estrogen that has been proposed to cause oxidative stress. Circadian rhythm is an internal biological clock that controls physiological processes. It was analyzed the gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the lipids and glucose levels in plasma of a subgroup of 17 pre-menopausal women, 19 men age-matched as control group for the pre-menopausal women, 20 post-menopausal women and 20 men age-matched as control group for the post-menopausal women; all groups were matched by body mass index. Our study showed a decrease in the expression of the oxidative stress-related gene GPX1, and an increase in the expression of SOD1 as consequence of menopause. In addition, we found that the circadian rhythm-related gene PER2 decreased as consequence of menopause. On the other hand, we observed a decrease in the expression of the oxidative stress-related gene GPX4 and an increase in the expression of CAT as a consequence of aging, independently of menopause. Our results suggest that the menopause-induced oxidative stress parallels a disruption in the circadian clock in women, and part of the differences in oxidative stress observed between pre- and post-menopausal women was due to aging, independent of menopause. Clinical Trials.gov.Identifier: NCT00924937.

Disposable biosensor for detection of iron (III) in wines.

This paper reports the tuning of a fast, disposable, and label-free biosensor for quantification of iron (III) in food liquid samples such as wine. The biosensor is based on a field effect transistor(FET) where a net work of single-walled carbonnanotubes (SWCNTs) acts as the conductor channel, constituting carbonnanotubes field effect transistors (CNTFETs). An antibody such as transferrin with two specific high-affinity iron (III) binding sites, directly adsorbed to SWCNTs, was used as immunoreaction. Several individual CNTFETs were tested showing a linear range between 0.05 and 2ngmL(-1) and a limit of quantification below 0.05ngmL(-1), much lower than previously reported analytical techniques. The mean coefficient of variation was 0.13% showing a low variability of the analytical response. On the other hand, it was not observed interference effect of zinc (II) ion at least until 1:4 iron-zinc ratio. Finally, recovery percentages of spiked wine samples were around 100%, showing the high accuracy of method. The main advantages of the devices developed are their speed, convenience (it is an economical method), and the avoidance excessive handling samples since they do not require further pre-treatment of samples.

[Not Available]. / Formulación de barras nutricionales con proteínas lácteas: índice glucémico y efecto de saciedad.

Se ha estudiado el índice glicémico, la carga glicémica y el efecto de saciedad producido en adultos jóvenes (12 hombres y 8 mujeres) por el consumo de tres tipos de barritas nutricionales formuladas con proteínas lactoséricas (LS), caseínas (CS) o hidratos de carbono (HC) frente a un control (C). Los valores de glucemia en la sangre a los 30 min fueron significativamente mayores (p < 0,05) para la barra HC (129 ± 8 mg/dl) frente a las barras CS (103 ± 6 mg/dl) y LS (86 ± 8 mg/dl). Asimismo, también se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre los índices glicémicos de los tres tipos de barras estudiadas (LS = 11,5 ± 3,9; CS = 40,7 ± 6,5; HC = 68,8 ± 13,0). Por otro lado, las barritas nutricionales formuladas con proteínas lácteas (LS y CS) muestran un efecto de saciedad mucho más intenso y prolongado que la formulada con hidratos de carbono (HC), lo que pone de manifiesto el potencial de estas proteínas para ser utilizadas en la formulación de productos para diabéticos y dietéticos.

Formulación de barras nutricionales con proteínas lácteas: índice glucémico y efecto de saciedad / Formulation of nutritional bars with dairy proteins: glycemic index and satiety effect

Se ha estudiado el índice glicémico, la carga glicémica y el efecto de saciedad producido en adultos jóvenes (12 hombres y 8 mujeres) por el consumo de tres tipos de barritas nutricionales formuladas con proteínas lactoséricas (LS), caseínas (CS) o hidratos de carbono (HC) frente a un control (C). Los valores de glucemia en la sangre a los 30 min fueron significativamente mayores (p < 0,05) para la barra HC (129 ± 8 mg/dl) frente a las barras CS (103 ± 6 mg/dl) y LS (86 ± 8 mg/dl). Asimismo, también se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre los índices glicémicos de los tres tipos de barras estudiadas (LS = 11,5 ± 3,9; CS = 40,7 ± 6,5; HC = 68,8 ± 13,0). Por otro lado, las barritas nutricionales formuladas con proteínas lácteas (LS y CS) muestran un efecto de saciedad mucho más intenso y prolongado que la formulada con hidratos de carbono (HC), lo que pone de manifiesto el potencial de estas proteínas para ser utilizadas en la formulación de productos para diabéticos y dietéticos (AU)

It has been studied in young adults (12 men and 8 women) the glycemic index, glycemic load and satiety effect produced by three types of nutritional bars formulated with whey proteins (LS), caseins (CS) or carbohydrates (HC) against a control group (C). It has been found significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to blood sugar levels for HC bar (129 ± 8 mg/dl) against CS bar (103 ± 6 mg/dl) and LS bar (86 ± 8 mg/dl) after 30 min of its intake. Furthermore, it has also been found significant differences (p < 0.05) between glycemic index of three types of studied bars (LS = 11.5 ± 3.9; CS = 40.7 ± 6.5; HC = 68.8 ± 13.0). On the other hand, nutritional bars formulated with dairy proteins (LS y CS) showed a satiety effect more heavy and prolonged than carbohydrate bar (HC). The results reveal that dairy proteins may be used as functional ingredients to develop diabetic and dietary supplies (AU)

[Not Available]. / Utilización de las proteínas séricas y caseínas como suplementos dietéticos para la prolongación del efecto de saciedad en mujeres obesas.

It has been studied the effect of three kinds of supplements (whey, casein and maltodextrin, as control) in the regulation of food intake and satiety of 60 overweight women. After 10 weeks, significant differences (p < 0.001) were found with regard to reduction of weight, IMC, % fat and waist circumference in the whey group against casein and control groups. A higher decrease of energy intake (-383 kcal/day) was also found in women who ate whey supplements, while in the casein and control group the decrease was only -144 and -70 kcal/day respectively. Finally, satiety effect was more efficiently promoted by whey against casein and maltodextrins.

Se estudió el consumo de tres tipos de suplementos, proteínas del lactosuero, caseínas y maltodextrinas (control) en la disminución de la ingesta energética y prolongación del efecto de saciedad de 60 mujeres obesas. Después de 10 semanas, la reducción del peso corporal, IMC, % de grasa corporal y circunferencia de la cintura fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,001) en el grupo que consumió las proteínas lactoséricas frente a los otros dos grupos (control y caseínas). También se observa un descenso en la ingesta energética de -383 kcal/día en las mujeres que consumieron las proteínas de lactosuero frente a un descenso de -144 kcal/día en el grupo de caseínas y de tan solo -70 kcal/día en el grupo control. Finalmente la regulación del efecto de saciedad mediante escala visual analógica fue también más efectiva en el caso de las proteínasséricas, que en el caso de las caseínas y maltodextrinas.